System Design:
• How would you design a distributed caching system that scales globally for millions of users?
• Explain how you would design a URL shortening service like Bitly, focusing on scalability and fault tolerance.
• Design a payment gateway system with high availability and low latency.
2. Algorithms & Data Structures:
• Given a stream of real-time stock prices, how would you calculate the median efficiently at any point?
• Explain how you would implement a least recently used (LRU) cache from scratch.
• Write a function to find the shortest path in a weighted graph with negative edges.
3. Coding:
• Given a matrix where each cell represents the cost to enter, find the minimum cost path from the top-left to the bottom-right corner.
• Implement a thread-safe singleton pattern in Java.
• Write code to detect if a linked list has a cycle, and if so, find the start of the cycle.
4. Database:
• Explain the differences between ACID and BASE principles. When would you prioritize one over the other?
• How would you optimize a query that involves millions of rows and joins across multiple tables?
• Design a schema for an e-commerce website where product search is extremely fast.
5. Cloud & DevOps:
• Explain the CAP theorem and its implications in designing a distributed database.
• How would you deploy and scale a microservices-based application on Kubernetes or OpenShift?
• What is the difference between serverless architecture and container-based architecture? When would you use each?